Evaluación de la seguridad alimentaria en diferentes grupos demográficos: un análisis multivariante de patrones de consumo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2025.15.e369Palabras clave:
seguridad alimenticia, análisis de componentes principales, modelo de consumo, grupos demográficos, desigualdad socioeconómicaResumen
Introducción: Este estudio aborda la urgente necesidad de evaluar la seguridad alimentaria en Ecuador, considerando la diversidad de la población. Se subraya la importancia de comprender las diferencias dietéticas y los patrones de consumo de grupos étnicos específicos para mejorar las políticas alimentarias. Objetivo: Analizar la seguridad alimentaria en Ecuador mediante el análisis de componentes principales (PCA), identificando patrones de consumo en diferentes grupos poblacionales para informar estrategias de nutrición más efectivas y adaptativas. Metodología: Se realizó un diseño transversal que recopiló datos sobre hábitos alimentarios y características demográficas en varias regiones de Ecuador. Se utilizó la técnica PCA para explorar las interrelaciones de variables dietéticas y establecer vínculos entre diferentes grupos de personas. La base de datos es de código abierto y se utilizó para integrar los datos disponibles. La muestra objetivo consistió en 1.312 hogares, distribuidos uniformemente entre las provincias de Los Ríos y Guayas, excluyendo Guayaquil. Resultado: La PCA reveló patrones de consumo únicos dentro de ciertos grupos demográficos. Se identificaron factores significativos para la seguridad alimentaria, destacando áreas de vulnerabilidad y fortaleza. Los datos cuantitativos y cualitativos proporcionan información valiosa sobre la dinámica alimentaria en Ecuador. Discusión: Se interpretaron los resultados de la PCA, enfatizando la diversidad de dietas y su impacto en la seguridad alimentaria. Se examinaron las implicaciones de los patrones identificados y su influencia en las estrategias de intervención y política alimentaria. Conclusión: Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de políticas alimentarias equitativas y adaptativas, considerando la diversidad de la población. Se hicieron recomendaciones para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria en áreas críticas, apoyando enfoques inclusivos y sostenibles. Este estudio proporciona una evaluación integral de la seguridad alimentaria en Ecuador, informando políticas más efectivas y adaptadas a la diversidad demográfica del país.
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Derechos de autor 2024 Vilma Raffo Babici, Juan Calderón Cisneros, Elka Monge Almeida
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