Anticovid vaccines and thrombosis: fear in the social networks
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35669/rcys.2024.14.e307Keywords:
thrombosis, vaccine, covid, twitter, astroturfing, social networks, misinformationAbstract
Background: This article aims to analyse the existing relationship in the Spanish social network Twitter between thrombi and anticovid vaccines. Methods: Machine learning techniques and massive statistical analysis were used to determine the social networks formed, their relationships, sentiment and emotion analysis and main discourses by text mining during four months. For this purpose, 915,825 messages discussing thrombosis were collected along the first four months of 2021. Results: We found a very prominent increase in messages around mid-March and a sharp rise in early April, coinciding with detected cases and temporary suspensions of certain vaccines in the United States and Europe. The main of messages came from Spain, although Mexico focuses the debate on Latin America. Conclusions: It was possible to determine an increase in messages with a high emotional charge, mainly negative, as well as disinformative and conspiratorial messages, especially from groups without significant referents. The disseminators of disinformation news about vaccines are sent by small nano-influencers or fake accounts using possible astroturfing techniques.
Downloads
References
Arce García, S., & Menéndez Menéndez, M.I. (2018). Aplicaciones de la estadística al framing y la minería de texto en estudios de comunicación. Información, cultura y sociedad, 39, 61-70. https://doi.org/10.34096/ics.i39.4260.
Barabasi, A.L. (2016). Network Science. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press.
Barrie, C., & Chun-ting, H.J. (2021). AcademictwitteR: an R package to access the Twitter Academic Research Product Track v2 API endpoint. Journal of Open Source Software, 6(62), 3272. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03272.
Bastian, M., Heymann, S., & Jacomy, M. (2009). Gephi: An Open Source Software for Exploring and Manipulating Networks. In Third International ICWSM Conference: Proceedings del Third International ICWSM Conference; San Jose, California, EEUU.
Baviera, T. (2018). Influence in the political Twitter sphere: Authority and retransmission in the 2015 and 2016 Spanish General Elections. European Journal of Communication, 33(3), 321-337. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323118763910.
Blázquez-Serna, P. (6 de mayo de 2021). Janssen se recupera de las polémicas por los trombos y reaviva la campaña de vacunación. COPE. https://bit.ly/3hzsXSt.
Broniatowski, D.A, Drezde, M., & Ayers, J.W. “First Do No Harm”: Effective Communication About COVID-19 Vaccines. American Journal of Public Health, 111(6), 1055-1057. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306288.
Campos-Domínguez, E., & Calvo, D. (2017). La campaña electoral en Internet: planificación, repercusión, y viralización en Twitter durante las elecciones españolas de 2015. Comunicación y Sociedad, 29, 79-101.
Casero-Ripollés, A., Feenstra, R., & Tormey, S. (2016). Old and new media logics in an electoral campaign. The case of Podemos and the Two-Way Street mediatization of politics. The International Journal of Press/Politics, 21(3), 378-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/1940161216645340.
Cines, D.B., & Bussel, J.B. (2021). SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine–Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia. New England Journal of Medecine, 384, 2254-2256. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe2106315.
Corvalán, D. (2020). Las vacunas como bienes sociales ¿Será la COVID una oportunidad para una estrategia integral?. Ciencia, Tecnología y Política, 3(5). https://doi.org/10.24215/26183188e047.
Ekman, P. (1992). An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6(3), 169–200.
Gaus, D. (2021). Covid-19: Vacunas. Practica Familiar Rural. Health in Latin America, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.23936/pfr.v6i1.196.
Grady, D., & Robbins, R. (17 de marzo de 2021). Vacuna AstraZeneca: ¿deberías preocuparte por los trombos y el sangrado?. The New York Times. https://nyti.ms/3rbXHME.
Hernández, A.F., Calina, D., Poulas, K., Docea, A.O., & Tsatsakis, A.M. (2021). Safety of COVID-19 vaccines administered in the EU: Should we be concerned?. Toxicol Rep, 8, 871-879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.04.003.
Jacomy, M., Venturini, T., Heymann, S., & Bastian, M. (2014) ForceAtlas2, a Continuous Graph Layout Algorithm for Handy Network Visualization Designed for the Gephi Software. PLOS ONE, 9(6): e98679. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0098679.
Konstantinides, S. (2021). Thrombotic complications of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2: what pharmacovigilance reports tell us - and what they don't. Eur Respir Journal, 58, 210111. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.01111-2021.
Lakoff, G. (2007). No pienses en un elefante. Madrid: Ediciones Complutense.
Levi, S. (2019). #Fakeyou. Fake news y desinformación.1a ed. Barcelona: Rayo Verde Editorial.
Mohammad, S.M. (2016). Sentiment Analysis: Detecting Valen7ce, Emotions, and Other Affectual States from Text. Emotion Measurement, 201-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-100508-8.00009-6.
Mohammad, S.M., & Turney, P.D. (2012). Crowdsourcind a word-emotion association lexicon. Computational Intelligence, 29(3), 436–465. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8640.2012.00460.x.
Mosleh, M., Martel, C., Eckles, D., & Rand, D. (2021) Perverse Downstream Consequences of Debunking: Being Corrected by Another User for Posting False Political News Increases Subsequent Sharing of Low Qual23ity, Partisan, and Toxic Content in a Twitter Field Experiment. In CHI '21: Proceedings del 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems;Yokohama, Japón. Yokohama: Association for Computing Machiner, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445642.
Ministerio de Salud y Bienestar Social (2021). Situación de casos confirmados por Covid-19. Madrid: Ministerio de Salud y Bienestar Social. https://bit.ly/3wzuwEf
Pariser, E. (2011). The filter bubble. 1a ed. Nueva York: Penguin Books Ltd.
Plutchik, R. (1980). A general psychoevolutionary theory of emotion. In: Emotion: Theory, Research, and Experience. Academic Press. Inc. 3–33.
RT (16 de abril 2021). Calculan que las vacunas de Pfizer y Moderna provocan 30 veces más casos de trombosis de la vena porta que la de AstraZeneca. Russia Today (RT). https://bit.ly/3r7TtFQ.
Sautera, D.A., Eisner, F., Ekman, P., & Scott, S.K. (2010). Cross-cultural recognition of basic emotions through nonverbal emotional vocalizations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107(6), 2408–2412. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0908239106
Smadja, D.M., Yue, Q.Y., Chocron, R., Sanchez, O., & Lillo-Le Louet, A. (2021) Vaccination against COVID-19: insight from arterial and venous thrombosis occurrence using data from VigiBase. Eur Respir Journal, 58: 2100956. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00956-2021
Swati, U., Pranali, C., & Pragati, S. (2015). Sentiment analysis of news articles using machine learning approach. International journal of advances in electronics and computer science, 2(4),114-116.
vacunacovid.gob (2021). Estrategia de vacunación COVID-19 Información oficial sobre la vacunación contra el nuevo coronavirus. Ministerio de Salud y Bienestar Social. https://www.vacunacovid.gob.es/
Van der Linden, S., Maibach, E., Cook, J., Leiserowitz, A., & Lewandowsky, S. (2017) Inoculating Against Misinformation. Science, 358(6367), 1141–1142. https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.26207.
WHO (Organización Mundial de la Salud) (2021). COVAX: colaboración para un acceso equitativo mundial a las vacunas contra la COVID-19. https://www.who.int/es/initiatives/act-accelerator/covax.
Williams, M. (2021). The Science of Hate. 1a ed. Londres: Faber Ltd.
Zhang, J., Carpenter, D., & Ko, M. (2013). Online astroturfing: A theoretical perspective.In Nineteeth Americas Conference on Information Systems AMCIS. Proceedings of the Nineteeth Americas Conference on Information Systems; Chicago, Illinois, EEUU.
Zhu, X., Kim, Y., & Park, H. (2019). Do Messages Spread Widely Also Diffuse Fast? Examining the Effects of Message Characteristics on Information Diffusion. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 37-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.006.
Artículos relacionados
Buyse, K., Barrientos-Báez, A. y Sánchez-Verdejo, F. J. (2020). Comunicación interna en el área turística: el caso del departamento de Lingüística Aplicada en la Universidad de Leuven (Bélgica). En T. Hidalgo-Marí, J. Segarra-Saavedra, A. Álvarez-Nobell y M. Trenta (Cord.) Las Nuevas Narrativas, en el entorno social. (pp. 265-277). https://doi.org/10.4185/CAC166
Capriotti, P., Zeler, I. y Oliveira, A. (2019). Comunicación dialógica 2.0 en Facebook. Análisis de la interacción en las organizaciones de América Latina. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, 74, 1094-1113. http://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2019-1373
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Sergio Arce Garcia, Cano-Garcinuño, María-Isabel, Quiles-Cano, Cristina, Cano-Pérez, Julia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Disclaimer: As of 2023, RCyS is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0).
Articles from 2011 to 2022 are under a Creative Commons CC BY 4.0 License that allows copying and redistributing the material in any medium or format, remixing, transforming and building upon the material for any purpose, including commercial.
We also inform that RCyS is adhered to the Declaration of Berlin.
