Emotional intelligence and quality life of caregivers of patients with dementia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35669/revistadecomunicacionysalud.2015.5(1).1-15Keywords:
Emotional Intelligence; caregivers, dementia, AlzheimerAbstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the benefits provided by including aspects related to Emotional Intelligence in research on improving the quality of life of the family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer. This was done with attention to the characteristics and quality of communication between caregiver and patient. Publications in 2005-2014 were reviewed by searching in scientific databases in Spanish and English. The results reveal that in the last five years a larger proportion of the studies done include Emotional Intelligence as a variable, with predominance of publications in English and studies carried out outside of Spain. In most of the studies analyzed, effective use of skills related to Emotional Intelligence had a positive effect on reducing stress and caregiver load, mediated by improvement in communication with the patient. In other cases, work is specifically on certain dimensions of Emotional Intelligence, such as identification and comprehension of their own emotions and those of others, or the caregiver’s ability to regulate emotional expression. Inclusion of Emotional Intelligence for improving quality of life of the caregiver is presented as a novel and effective alternative for intervention which is currently under development.
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References
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Canga, Ana, García-Vivar, Cristina y Naval, Concepción (2012). Dependencia y familia cuidadora: reflexiones para un abordaje familiar. Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, 34(3), 463-469.
Cherry, M. Gemma, Salmon, Peter, Dickson, Joanne M., Powell, David, Sikdar, Sudip y Ablett, Jan (2013). Factors influencing the resilience of carers of individuals with dementia. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 23, 251-266. doi:10.1017/S0959259813000130.
Childs, Emma, White, Tara L. y de Wit, Harriet (2014). Personality traits modulate emotional and physiological responses to stress. Behavioural Pharmacology, 25(5-6), 493-502. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000064.
Cófreces, Pedro, Ofman, Silvia y Stefani, Dorina (2014). La comunicación en la relación médico-paciente. Análisis de la literatura científica entre 1990 y 2010. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 4(1), 19-34.
Dulin, Patrick L. y Dominy, Jean B. (2008). The influence of feeling positive about helping among dementia caregivers in New Zealand Helping attitudes predict happiness. Dementia, 7(1), 55-69. doi: 10.1177/1471301207085367.
Ellis, Maggie P. y Astell, Arlene J. (2004). The urge to communicate in severe dementia. Brain and Language, 91, 51-52. doi: 35400012234176.0220.
Etxeberria, Igone, García, Álvaro, Iglesias, Ainhoa, Urdaneta, Elena, Lorea, Idoia, Díaz, Pura y Yanguas, José J. (2011). Efectos del entrenamiento en estrategias de regulación emocional en el bienestar de cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 46(4), 206-212.
Feinstein, Justin S., Duff, Melissa C. y Tranel, Daniel (2010). Sustained experience of emotion after loss of memory in patients with amnesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(17), 7674-7679. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0914054107.
Fujii, Masahiko, Butler, James P. y Sasaki, Hidetada (2014). Emotional function in dementia patients. Psychogeriatrics, 14(3), 202-209. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12059.
Gázquez, José J., Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Lucas, Francisca y Yuste, Nazario (2008). Prevalencia de los trastornos mentales en la población mayor. Anales de Psicología, 24(2), 327-333.
Germain, Sophie, Adam, Stéphane, Olivier, Catherine, Cash, Helen, Ousset, Pierre J., Andrieu, Sandrine, Vellas, Bruno, Meulemans, Thierry, Reynish, Emma, Salmon, Eric, the ICTUS-EADC Network (2009). Does cognitive impairment influence burden in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease? Journal of Alzheimer’ Disease, 17, 105-114. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2009-1016.
Haberstroh, Julia, Neumeyer, Katharina, Krause, Katharina, Franzmann, Judith y Pantel, Johannes (2011). TANDEM: Communication training for informal caregivers of people with dementia. Aging and Mental Health, 15(3), 405-413. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2010.536135.
Knapp, Martin y Prince, Martin (2007). Dementia UK: The full report. Alzheimer's Society. London: Alzheimer’s Society.
Li, Chao-Yin y Lewis, Frances M. (2013). Expressed emotion and depression in caregivers of older adults with dementia: results from Taiwan. Aging & Mental Health, 17(8), 924-929. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2013.814098.
Livingston, G., Cooper, C., Woods, J., Milne, A. y Katona, C. (2008). Successful ageing in adversity: The LASER AD longitudinal study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 79, 641-645. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.126706.
McCade, Donna, Savage, Greg, Guastella, Adam, Hickie, Ian B., Lewis, Simon J. y Naismith, Sharon L. (2013). Emotion Recognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment Relationship to Psychosocial Disability and Caregiver Burden. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 26(3), 165-173. doi:10.1177/0891988713491832.
Molero, María del M., Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Gázquez, José J. y Mercader, Isabel (2012). Construcción y validación inicial de un cuestionario para evaluar la Calidad de Vida en mayores institucionalizados. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 2(1), 53-65.
Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Gázquez, José J., Mercader, Isabel y Molero, María del M. (2014). Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Senior Citizens (EQ-I-M20). Psicothema, 26(4), 524-530.
Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Molero, María del M., Gázquez, José J., Mercader, Isabel y Núñez, Andrea (2014). Factores a tener en cuenta en la detección precoz del burnout en cuidadores familiares de enfermos de alzheimer. En José J. Gázquez, María del C. Pérez-Fuentes, María del M. Molero, Isabel Mercader y Francisco Soler (Comps.) Calidad de vida, cuidadores e intervención para la mejora de la salud en el envejecimiento. Volumen II (pp. 155-160). Almería: ASUNIVEP.
Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Ruiz, Beatriz, Molero, María del M., Gázquez, José J. y Fernández, Mercedes (2012). Inteligencia Emocional: estudio descriptivo en mayores. En María del C. Pérez-Fuentes, José J. Gázquez, María del M. Molero y Beatriz Ruiz (Comps.) Salud y envejecimiento: un abordaje multidisciplinar (pp. 165-172). Granada: GEU Editorial.
Quinn, Catherine, Clare, Linda y Woods, Bob (2009). The impact of the quality of relationship on the experiences and wellbeing of caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review. Aging and Mental Health, 13(2), 143-154. doi: 10.1080/13607860802459799.
Ruiz, María D., Gázquez, José J. y Pérez-Fuentes, María del C. (2013). Estrategias de afrontamiento en cuidadores familiares de enfermos de Alzheimer. En José J. Gázquez, María del C. Pérez-Fuentes, María del M. Molero e Isabel Mercader (Comps.), Calidad de vida, Cuidadores e intervención para la mejora de la salud en el envejecimiento (pp. 221-226). Granada: Editorial GEU.
Salovey, Peter y Mayer, John D. (1990). Emotional intelligence.Imagination Cognition Personality, 9, 185-211.
Savundranayagam, Marie Y. y Orange, J.B. (2011). Relationships between appraisals of caregiver communication strategies and burden among spouses and adult children. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(9), 1470-1478. doi: 10.1017/S1041610211000408.
Savundranayagam, Marie Y. y Orange, J.B. (2014). Matched and mismatched appraisals of the effectiveness of communication strategies by family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 49(1), 49-59. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12043.
Shipley, Natalie, Jackson, Mary J. y Segrest, Sharon L. (2010). Examining Emotional Intelligence, Age, Work Experience, and Academic Performance. Research’ in Higher Education Journal, 9, 1-18.
Sitges, Esther y Bonete, Beatriz (2014). Desarrollo de un programa psicoeducativo en inteligencia emocional para cuidadores principales de enfermos de Alzheimer. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 4(3), 257-266. doi: 10.1989/ejihpe.v4i3.73.
Sollberger, Marc, Rankin, Katherine P. y Miller, Bruce L. (2010). Social cognition. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 16(4), 69-85. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000368261.15544.7c.
Sturm, Virginia E., Yokoyama, Jennifer S., Seeley, William W., Kramer, Joel H., Miller, Bruce L. y Rankin, Katherine P. (2013). Heightened emotional contagion in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease is associated with temporal lobe degeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(24), 9944-9949. doi:10.1073/pnas.1301119110.
Weaving, Jessica, Orgeta, Vasiliki, Orrell, Martin y Petrides, K.V. (2014). Predicting anxiety in carers of people with dementia: the role of trait emotional intelligence. International Psychogeriatrics, 26, 1201-1209. doi:10.1017/S1041610214000404.
Wolf, S. Anthony (2009). Neuropsychological differential diagnosis of degenerative dementias. Fortschritte der Neurologie/ Psychiatrie, 77, 376-388. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1109464.
Woodward, Michael (2013). Aspects of communication in Alzheimer's disease: clinical features and treatment options. International Psychogeriatrics, 25(6), 877-885. doi: 10.1017/S1041610213000318
Brinton, Bonnie y Fujiki, Martin (2011). Emotion Talk: Helping Caregivers Facilitate Emotion Understanding and Emotion Regulation. Topics in Language Disorders, 31(3), 262-272. doi: 10.1097/TLD.0b013e318227bcaa.
Canga, Ana, García-Vivar, Cristina y Naval, Concepción (2012). Dependencia y familia cuidadora: reflexiones para un abordaje familiar. Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, 34(3), 463-469.
Cherry, M. Gemma, Salmon, Peter, Dickson, Joanne M., Powell, David, Sikdar, Sudip y Ablett, Jan (2013). Factors influencing the resilience of carers of individuals with dementia. Reviews in Clinical Gerontology, 23, 251-266. doi:10.1017/S0959259813000130.
Childs, Emma, White, Tara L. y de Wit, Harriet (2014). Personality traits modulate emotional and physiological responses to stress. Behavioural Pharmacology, 25(5-6), 493-502. doi: 10.1097/FBP.0000000000000064.
Cófreces, Pedro, Ofman, Silvia y Stefani, Dorina (2014). La comunicación en la relación médico-paciente. Análisis de la literatura científica entre 1990 y 2010. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 4(1), 19-34.
Dulin, Patrick L. y Dominy, Jean B. (2008). The influence of feeling positive about helping among dementia caregivers in New Zealand Helping attitudes predict happiness. Dementia, 7(1), 55-69. doi: 10.1177/1471301207085367.
Ellis, Maggie P. y Astell, Arlene J. (2004). The urge to communicate in severe dementia. Brain and Language, 91, 51-52. doi: 35400012234176.0220.
Etxeberria, Igone, García, Álvaro, Iglesias, Ainhoa, Urdaneta, Elena, Lorea, Idoia, Díaz, Pura y Yanguas, José J. (2011). Efectos del entrenamiento en estrategias de regulación emocional en el bienestar de cuidadores de enfermos de Alzheimer. Revista Española de Geriatría y Gerontología, 46(4), 206-212.
Feinstein, Justin S., Duff, Melissa C. y Tranel, Daniel (2010). Sustained experience of emotion after loss of memory in patients with amnesia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 107(17), 7674-7679. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0914054107.
Fujii, Masahiko, Butler, James P. y Sasaki, Hidetada (2014). Emotional function in dementia patients. Psychogeriatrics, 14(3), 202-209. doi: 10.1111/psyg.12059.
Gázquez, José J., Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Lucas, Francisca y Yuste, Nazario (2008). Prevalencia de los trastornos mentales en la población mayor. Anales de Psicología, 24(2), 327-333.
Germain, Sophie, Adam, Stéphane, Olivier, Catherine, Cash, Helen, Ousset, Pierre J., Andrieu, Sandrine, Vellas, Bruno, Meulemans, Thierry, Reynish, Emma, Salmon, Eric, the ICTUS-EADC Network (2009). Does cognitive impairment influence burden in caregivers of patients with Alzheimer’s disease? Journal of Alzheimer’ Disease, 17, 105-114. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2009-1016.
Haberstroh, Julia, Neumeyer, Katharina, Krause, Katharina, Franzmann, Judith y Pantel, Johannes (2011). TANDEM: Communication training for informal caregivers of people with dementia. Aging and Mental Health, 15(3), 405-413. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2010.536135.
Knapp, Martin y Prince, Martin (2007). Dementia UK: The full report. Alzheimer's Society. London: Alzheimer’s Society.
Li, Chao-Yin y Lewis, Frances M. (2013). Expressed emotion and depression in caregivers of older adults with dementia: results from Taiwan. Aging & Mental Health, 17(8), 924-929. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2013.814098.
Livingston, G., Cooper, C., Woods, J., Milne, A. y Katona, C. (2008). Successful ageing in adversity: The LASER AD longitudinal study. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 79, 641-645. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.126706.
McCade, Donna, Savage, Greg, Guastella, Adam, Hickie, Ian B., Lewis, Simon J. y Naismith, Sharon L. (2013). Emotion Recognition in Mild Cognitive Impairment Relationship to Psychosocial Disability and Caregiver Burden. Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology, 26(3), 165-173. doi:10.1177/0891988713491832.
Molero, María del M., Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Gázquez, José J. y Mercader, Isabel (2012). Construcción y validación inicial de un cuestionario para evaluar la Calidad de Vida en mayores institucionalizados. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 2(1), 53-65.
Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Gázquez, José J., Mercader, Isabel y Molero, María del M. (2014). Brief Emotional Intelligence Inventory for Senior Citizens (EQ-I-M20). Psicothema, 26(4), 524-530.
Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Molero, María del M., Gázquez, José J., Mercader, Isabel y Núñez, Andrea (2014). Factores a tener en cuenta en la detección precoz del burnout en cuidadores familiares de enfermos de alzheimer. En José J. Gázquez, María del C. Pérez-Fuentes, María del M. Molero, Isabel Mercader y Francisco Soler (Comps.) Calidad de vida, cuidadores e intervención para la mejora de la salud en el envejecimiento. Volumen II (pp. 155-160). Almería: ASUNIVEP.
Pérez-Fuentes, María del C., Ruiz, Beatriz, Molero, María del M., Gázquez, José J. y Fernández, Mercedes (2012). Inteligencia Emocional: estudio descriptivo en mayores. En María del C. Pérez-Fuentes, José J. Gázquez, María del M. Molero y Beatriz Ruiz (Comps.) Salud y envejecimiento: un abordaje multidisciplinar (pp. 165-172). Granada: GEU Editorial.
Quinn, Catherine, Clare, Linda y Woods, Bob (2009). The impact of the quality of relationship on the experiences and wellbeing of caregivers of people with dementia: A systematic review. Aging and Mental Health, 13(2), 143-154. doi: 10.1080/13607860802459799.
Ruiz, María D., Gázquez, José J. y Pérez-Fuentes, María del C. (2013). Estrategias de afrontamiento en cuidadores familiares de enfermos de Alzheimer. En José J. Gázquez, María del C. Pérez-Fuentes, María del M. Molero e Isabel Mercader (Comps.), Calidad de vida, Cuidadores e intervención para la mejora de la salud en el envejecimiento (pp. 221-226). Granada: Editorial GEU.
Salovey, Peter y Mayer, John D. (1990). Emotional intelligence.Imagination Cognition Personality, 9, 185-211.
Savundranayagam, Marie Y. y Orange, J.B. (2011). Relationships between appraisals of caregiver communication strategies and burden among spouses and adult children. International Psychogeriatrics, 23(9), 1470-1478. doi: 10.1017/S1041610211000408.
Savundranayagam, Marie Y. y Orange, J.B. (2014). Matched and mismatched appraisals of the effectiveness of communication strategies by family caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 49(1), 49-59. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.12043.
Shipley, Natalie, Jackson, Mary J. y Segrest, Sharon L. (2010). Examining Emotional Intelligence, Age, Work Experience, and Academic Performance. Research’ in Higher Education Journal, 9, 1-18.
Sitges, Esther y Bonete, Beatriz (2014). Desarrollo de un programa psicoeducativo en inteligencia emocional para cuidadores principales de enfermos de Alzheimer. European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 4(3), 257-266. doi: 10.1989/ejihpe.v4i3.73.
Sollberger, Marc, Rankin, Katherine P. y Miller, Bruce L. (2010). Social cognition. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology, 16(4), 69-85. doi: 10.1212/01.CON.0000368261.15544.7c.
Sturm, Virginia E., Yokoyama, Jennifer S., Seeley, William W., Kramer, Joel H., Miller, Bruce L. y Rankin, Katherine P. (2013). Heightened emotional contagion in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease is associated with temporal lobe degeneration. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(24), 9944-9949. doi:10.1073/pnas.1301119110.
Weaving, Jessica, Orgeta, Vasiliki, Orrell, Martin y Petrides, K.V. (2014). Predicting anxiety in carers of people with dementia: the role of trait emotional intelligence. International Psychogeriatrics, 26, 1201-1209. doi:10.1017/S1041610214000404.
Wolf, S. Anthony (2009). Neuropsychological differential diagnosis of degenerative dementias. Fortschritte der Neurologie/ Psychiatrie, 77, 376-388. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1109464.
Woodward, Michael (2013). Aspects of communication in Alzheimer's disease: clinical features and treatment options. International Psychogeriatrics, 25(6), 877-885. doi: 10.1017/S1041610213000318
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How to Cite
Gázquez , José Jesús, Mª del Carmen Pérez Fuentes, Mª del Mar Molero, and Isabel Mercader. 2015. “Emotional intelligence and quality life of caregivers of patients with dementia”. Revista de Comunicación y Salud 5 (1):1-15. https://doi.org/10.35669/revistadecomunicacionysalud.2015.5(1).1-15.
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